What where the main types of psychological knowladge used by Freud which contributed to the emergence of psychoanalytic movement? How did Freud use these main types of psychological knowladge in the context of original construction? In spite of the abundant literature concerning these questions which appaer simple, the answers aren't uncontroversial. This difficulty isn't recent, Freud has been already studied this matter in Contribution to the History of Psychoanalysis movement (1914) and My life and Psychoanalysis (1925) retraced the history of psychoanalysis, mentioning the principal actors who have, directly or indirectly, contributed to the building this body of knowledge.However, the discoveries done by contemporary researchers, in the archives of hospitals, where some Freud’s patients were interned, with a careful reading of the historical context and the intellectual productions on mental illness, at the end of 19th century, raises important questions. Did Freud bias the psychoanalysis history in order to be considered as the real founding father? These suspicions have an impact on the historians working on the work of Freud and on his partisans as well. This invites us, as historians of sciences, to revaluate a certain number of hypotheses in psychoanalysis, according to recent discoveries.Besides, the work of Freud doesn’t not only have relationship with psychological theory of his time. In our days, Freud’s work enriches discussions as far it concerns “contemporary Theories of mind”, and in particular, in disciplinary fields such as Philosophy of mind and cognitive neuroscience. This is what the last part of this thesis demonstrates, as a test case, it interacts Freudian theory of unconsciousness with contemporary theories.

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   |texte=   Philosophy of psychology and Freudian psychoanalysis : contemporary epistemological stakes
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